Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD)

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) — also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) — is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. It occurs when a woman’s ovaries produce excessive amounts of androgens (male hormones), which can interfere with the normal development and release of eggs during the menstrual cycle.

What Happens in PCOD

The ovaries become enlarged and contain many small fluid-filled sacs (cysts).

The follicles (which contain immature eggs) may fail to mature and release an egg, leading to irregular or absent ovulation.

Hormonal imbalance (especially elevated testosterone and insulin) disrupts normal menstrual cycles and metabolism.

Common Symptoms

Irregular periods or absence of menstruation

Weight gain, especially around the abdomen

Acne, oily skin, or dandruff

Excess hair growth on the face, chest, or abdomen (hirsutism)

Hair thinning on the scalp

Difficulty conceiving (infertility)

Mood changes (anxiety, depression)

Causes & Risk Factors

While the exact cause is unknown, PCOD is linked to:

Genetic factors (runs in families)

Insulin resistance, leading to increased androgen production

Unhealthy lifestyle — poor diet, lack of exercise, stress

Obesity, which worsens hormonal imbalance

Diagnosis

Doctors may use:

Medical history and symptom review

Physical exam (checking for excess hair, acne, etc.)

Ultrasound (to look for cysts on ovaries)

Blood tests (to check hormone and insulin levels)

Treatment & Management

There’s no permanent cure, but it can be effectively managed with:

1. Lifestyle Changes

Healthy diet (low in refined carbs and sugars)

Regular exercise and weight management

Stress reduction

2. Medications

Hormonal birth control to regulate periods

Anti-androgen drugs to reduce symptoms like hair growth and acne

Metformin (to manage insulin resistance)

3. Fertility treatments (if trying to conceive)

Key Takeaway

PCOD is a manageable condition, not a life-threatening disease. With the right diet, exercise, and medical support, most women can control symptoms, have regular cycles, and conceive successfully.

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